天麻种质资源及其与双菌共生分子机制研究
张照宇１，２ 孙建华３ 陈士林１ 董林林１
（１中国中医科学院中药研究所，北京，１００７００；２山东中医药大学药学院，济南，２５０３００；３陕西汉王略阳中药科技有限公司，汉中，７２４３００）
天麻为真菌异养型草本植物，其干燥块茎为药用与保健价值兼备的中药材，生长发育过程先后需与２类真菌———萌发菌与蜜环菌共生。天麻-萌发菌共生体系通过分子调控在共生萌发前期促进种子萌发，并在共生萌发后期随着蜜环菌的侵染利用防御反应打破共生体系动态平衡，为天麻蜜环菌共生体系的建立创造条件。天麻-蜜环菌共生时期，宿主通过调控代谢相关基因贮存营养及能量物质以保障箭麻的形成。天麻与双菌共生时期均通过建立信号转导与物质运输途径提高天麻-真菌共生效率并维持共生体系动态平衡。本文综述了天麻野生种质的分布、种类与新品种培育现状，并从全局性角度梳理了近年来利用转录组学、蛋白组学等技术对天麻-双菌共生的分子机制研究。对天麻种质资源及遗传信息进行整合，在系统利用现有遗传资源的基础上深入探究菌-麻共生体系的调控机制并有效指导品种选育与遗传改良，助力天麻产业的持续完善和发展，充分发挥其药用价值和经济价值。
天麻；种质资源；良种培育；双菌共生；分子机制
GermplasmResourcesofGastrodiaelataandItsMolecularMechanismofSymbiosiswithTwoFungi
ZHANGZhaoyu1,2,SUNJianhua3,CHENShilin1,DONGLinlin1
(1InstituteofChineseMateriaMedica,ChinaAcademyofChineseMedicalSciences,Beijing,China;2CollegeofPharmacy,ShandongUniversityofTraditionalChineseMedicine,Jinan,China;3ShaanxiHanwangLueyangTraditionalChineseMedicineTechnologyCo.,Ltd.,Hanzhong,China)
Abstract
Gastrodiaelata,whosedriedtuberisaChinesemedicinewithbothmedicinalandhealthvalue,isamycoheterotrophicherb,anditsgrowthrequiressymbiosiswithtwokindsoffungi,i.e.,MycenaandArmillariamellea.TheG.elata-Mycenasymbioticsystempromotesseedgerminationintheearlystageofsymbioticgerminationthroughmolecularregulation,andbreaksthedynamicbalanceofthesymbioticsystemwiththeinfectionofA.melleainthelatestageofsymbioticgerminationthroughdefensereaction,creatingconditionsfortheestablishmentofG.elata-A.melleasymbioticsystem.InthestageofsymbiosisbetweenG.elataandA.mellea,thehoststoresnutrientsandenergybyregulatingmetabolism-relatedgenestoensuretheformationofmaturetuber.DuringthesymbioticperiodofG.elataandtwofungi,thesymbioticefficiencyofG.elata-fungiisimprovedandthedynamicbalanceofthesymbioticsystemismaintainedthroughtheestablishmentofsignaltransductionandmaterialtransportpathways.ThisstudyreviewedthedistributionandspeciesofwildgermplasmaswellasthecurrentsituationofnewvarietiesofG.elata,andsummarizedtheresearchonmolecularmechanismofG.elatasymbiosiswithtwofungibyusingtranscriptomics,proteomics,andothertechniquesinrecentyearsfromthemacroscopicperspective.ThegermplasmresourcesandgeneticinformationofG.elatawereintegratedsothattheregulationmechanismofG.elata-fungussymbiosissystemcouldbedeeplyexploredonthebasisofsystematicutilizationofexistinggeneticresources,whichisexpectedtoeffectivelyguidevarietybreedingandgeneticimprovement,assistthecontinuousimprovementanddevelopmentofG.elataindustry,andfullyexploitthemedicinalandeconomicvalueofG.elata.
Keywords
Gastrodiaelata;Germplasmresources;Finevarietybreeding;Symbiosiswithtwofungi;Molecularmechanism
点击下方“阅读原文”登录《世界中医药》杂志